Mathematical Symbols

Mathematical operator symbols (+ − × ÷ = ≠) for equations, formulas, scientific notation, and educational content. Common and specialized math operators used in calculations.

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Symbol	Explanation
°	Degree sign
⇥	Rightwards arrow to bar
♾︎	Infinity symbol
≡	identically equal to
…	ellipsis
∷	Proportional symbol
⌃	Upward arrow head
⊕	Direct sum, also represents the symbol of the earth
∛	Cube root
∜	Fourth root
□	Hollow Square
■	Black square
∨	Logical or
⊗	Tensor product
μ	Greek letter μ
′	apostrophe, also the mathematical angular fraction
″	Double prime, also the mathematical arc second
¦	Broken Bar
⟨	Math angle bracket left
⟩	Right math angle bracket
‘	Left single quotation mark
’	Right single quotation mark
⊙	Circled with a dot
↟	Northeast Arrow
↔	Left and right arrows
→	Simple right arrow
⇾	Long right hollow arrow
⇒	Simple double right arrow
⇔	If and only if
∎	End of proof
◅	Left pointer
∇	Nabla operator
∆	Capital Greek letter Δ
⊖	Circled with a negative sign
×	Multiplication sign
±	Plus and minus
∓	minus plus
÷	division sign
≤	Less than or equal to
≥	Greater than or equal to
≠	Not equal
√	Square root
∑	summation symbol
∏	Product symbol in mathematics
♾	Infinity symbol
ℕ	Natural number sets
ℤ	Integer set
ℚ	The set of rational numbers
ℝ	Real numbers
ℂ	Complex Number Sets
α	Greek letter alpha
β	Greek letter β
γ	Greek letter γ
δ	Greek letter δ
ε	Greek letter ε
φ	Greek letter φ
π	Greek lowercase π (pi)
σ	Greek letter σ
θ	Greek letter θ
∈	belongs to
∉	Not of
∅	Empty set
∫	Integral symbol
∬	Double integral
∭	Triple Integral
∮	Line integral
∯	Surface integral
∂	Partial differential
≈	Approximately equal to
≅	Congruent to
≟	questioned equal
∝	proportional to
∠	angle
∪	Union
∩	intersection
∼	Tilde Operator
∣	divisible
≃	Approximately equal to
≄	Not approximately equal to
≇	Neither approximately nor actually equal
⋅	Dot operator
∧	Logical and
¬	Logical Not
∴	Therefore
∵	because
∀	For all
∃	exists
∄	there does not exist
⊆	Is a subset of or equal to
⊇	Is a superset of or equal to
⊂	Is a subset
⊃	Is a superset
∖	Set difference
℘	Power Set
ρ	Greek letter ρ
X̄	x superscript horizontal line
⊥	vertical
⊤	Down tack
⊧	Models
⊢	Proof
!	exclamation mark
ℑ	imaginary part
ℍ	Quaternions
𝔸	Blackboard bold letter A
⌈	Left ceiling
⌉	Right ceiling
[	Left square bracket
]	Right square bracket
⋀	NAND gate
⋁	NOR gate
∁	complement
⅋	per n
∦	Does not divide
≦	Less than or equal to sign
≧	Greater than or equal to
≪	much less than
≫	much greater than
≬	between
≭	Not equivalent to
≰	Not less than or equal to
≱	Not greater than or equal to
≲	less than or equivalent to
≳	Greater than or equivalent to
⊀	Not a normal subgroup
⊁	Does not contain as normal subgroup
‰	per thousandth
‱	per ten thousand